What is the process in which the contents of a facility pipeline can be cleared toward the vessel's cargo tanks at the conclusion of a loading operation?

The process of clearing the contents of a facility pipeline toward the vessel's cargo tanks at the conclusion of a loading operation refers to "pigging." This method involves using a device known as a "pig" that is inserted into the pipeline. The pig moves through the pipeline, effectively pushing out the remaining product, which in this context would be the cargo that needs to be transferred to the vessel’s tanks.

Pigging is particularly important in tanker operations as it ensures that as much cargo as possible is transferred, minimizing losses and ensuring that the maximum volume of product is loaded. It also helps maintain the quality of the product being transported by clearing out residues of different substances that may have been in the pipeline before the current loading operation. The use of pigs can also hydrate the pipeline and clean it for maintenance, which is crucial for operational efficiency and safety.

While flushing involves using a cleaning liquid to clear the pipeline, purging typically refers to the removal of air or gases from the system to avoid contamination or reactions, and draining means simply letting the liquid flow out of the pipeline, none of these methods ensure the effective and efficient transfer of remaining cargo in the way that pigging does.