What will NOT increase friction of a liquid flowing in a pipe and cause a loss of suction head?

In fluid dynamics, friction plays a significant role in determining how fluid flows through pipes. The friction encountered by a liquid in a pipe is influenced by several factors, including the velocity of the flow, the length and diameter of the pipe, and the characteristics of the fluid itself.

When the pumping rate is increased, more fluid is pushed through the pipe, which also means it flows at a higher velocity. This increased velocity elevates the frictional forces acting against the flow, leading to a greater energy loss and consequently a loss of suction head. Similarly, making the pipe longer increases the surface area in contact with the fluid, thereby elevating friction due to the extended length through which the fluid must travel. Choosing a pipe with a smaller diameter will increase the flow velocity and consequently raises the viscosity-based frictional losses, further detracting from the suction head.

On the other hand, slowing the pumping rate results in a decrease in the flow velocity. Lower velocities lead to reduced frictional forces acting on the liquid as it moves through the pipe, which in turn minimizes energy losses associated with friction. This means that the suction head is less likely to be negatively affected, and may actually remain more stable compared to increasing the pumping rate. Therefore, slowing the pumping rate